解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The complement system consists of 3 pathways and more than 30 proteins, including those with biological activity that directly or indirectly mediate the effects of this system, plus a set of regulatory proteins necessary to prevent injudicious complement activation on host tissue. The role for complement in the pathog...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.09.009
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mineralocorticoid hypertension is hypertension associated with the presence of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and suppression of plasma renin. Mineralocorticoid hypertension represents only 10% of patients with essential hypertension. However, its recognition is important because it is a potentially reversible caus...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.10.004
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is a multisubunit protein consisting of a peripheral catalytic domain (V(1)) that binds and hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and provides energy to pump H(+) through the transmembrane domain (V(0)) against a large gradient. This proton-translocating vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is present in bo...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.07.004
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red cell production in chronic kidney disease is usually too low to maintain a normal haemoglobin, and thus anaemia develops in a large proportion of patients. The ability to stimulate erythropoiesis in the bone marrow by the use of therapeutic agents has only been possible in the last 20 years, initially with recombi...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2006.05.008
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming more common in the United States affecting an estimated 18.2 million Americans. Not only is the number of American's with DM staggering, but so are the medical and economic costs of DM. DM accounts for nearly 15% of all health care costs in the United States. The chronic hyperglycemi...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.09.009
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperhomocysteinemia, highly prevalent in well-nourished patients with chronic renal failure and in uremia, causes toxic effects that can be envisioned in terms of cardiovascular risk increase. However, its effects on cellular metabolism and on gene expression, not to mention receptor regulation, only recently are bei...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.06.005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies in patients on maintenance hemodialysis have disclosed a high prevalence of sleeping disorders, which have been linked to various factors including blood urea levels, creatinine levels, parathyroid hormone levels, anemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, quality of life, disease intrusiveness, and comorb...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.06.014
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intravascular volume consists of 40% to 45% red cells. Their production is controlled predominantly by erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that is secreted particularly when tissue hypoxia is present. Because of this high percentage of the total intravascular volume the question comes to mind that, in addition to hypo...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.05.007
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The search for an endogenous digitalis has led to the identification of the cardenolides ouabain and digoxin and the bufadienolide marinobufagenin in mammalian tissues and biological fluids. Ouabain's release from adrenal glands is under the control of epinephrine and angiotensin II; hence, its blood concentration cha...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.03.010
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is growing in prevalence and most of this growth represents isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Attempts at prevention are critical but likely are ineffectual. Therefore, the delivery and acceptance of current medical regimens must be improved. ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.02.002
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although systemic hypertension is a common clinical condition, hypertensive emergencies are distinctly unusual in clinical practice. There are some situations, however, that qualify as hypertensive emergencies or urgencies. It is important, therefore, to diagnose these conditions because immediate treatment of severe ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.02.011
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are several published series of pregnancy in patients with nonimmunoglobulin A mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (most of whom have thin basement membrane nephropathy [TBMN]). The aim of the present study was to review the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with TBMN. The medical and obst...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.01.011
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have shown an association between the hemodialysis session length (the t of Kt or Kt/V) and favorable outcomes for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. In a single randomized controlled trial that systematically varied hemodialysis session length, shorter session length was associated with an increase...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.09.015
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged hyperuricemia is associated with the development of hypertension, renal arteriolosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial injury. It confers a greater risk than proteinuria for developing chronic renal disease and is associated with the development of hypertension. Mild chronic hyperuricemia wit...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.09.004
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia is a 2-stage disorder. Stage 1 is decreased placental perfusion and generates stage 2 of the disorder, the maternal syndrome characteristic of preeclampsia. How the 2 stages are linked has been a topic of intense investigation for many years. One candidate phenomenon, which includes many other suggested l...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(04)00126-3
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although evidence has accumulated indicating a close relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis, the relationship between inflammation and vascular calcification in patients with chronic renal failure is unclear. In the present study, the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and vascular calcificat...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.008
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although calcitriol has been shown to have an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism, its use as a therapeutic agent often has been limited by calcemic and phosphatemic toxicity. Vitamin D analogs and the synthetic prohormones, with the potential to have lesser effects on calcium and phosphorus, hav...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.013
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) often causes peritoneal fibrosis and sclerosis with a loss of function, and some CAPD patients develop sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids readily produce glucose degradation products by heat sterilization, and glucos...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.027
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical that serves cell signaling, cellular energetics, host defense, and inflammatory functions in virtually all cells. In the kidney and vasculature, NO plays fundamental roles in the control of systemic and intrarenal hemodynamics, the tubuloglomerular feedback response, pressur...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.04.002
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::IgA nephropathy is one of the most common causes of glomerulonephritis in the world and is characterized histologically by the deposition of polymeric forms of IgA within the mesangium and in some cases along the glomerular capillary wall.(1) Proliferative and crescenteric forms of IgA are associated with nephrotic ra...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.01.006
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dent's disease and familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) are inherited diseases in which hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure are prominent features. Dent's disease resembles a Fanconi syndrome, with impaired reabsorption in the proximal tubule; FHHNC, with urinary los...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.semnephrol.2003.08.011
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Goodpasture (GP) syndrome is a form of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease, in which autoantibodies bind to alpha3(IV) collagen in GBM causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. The conformational GP epitopes have been mapped to 2 regions within the noncollagenous (NC1) domain...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/s0270-9295(03)00131-1
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxic nephropathies cause acute and chronic renal failure, primarily as a result of injury to renal tubular epithelium. There is a well-known capacity in the renal nephron for the synchronous occurrence of both apoptosis and necrosis in toxic nephropathies. This has engendered interest in the differing or complementar...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00085-8
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membranous nephropathy is a relatively common glomerular disease found to underlie both nonnephrotic and nephrotic proteinuria. In adults, about 75% of cases are primary (idiopathic) and 25% are secondary to a wide variety of causes, including neoplasia, infections, autoimmunity, and drugs. Presenting features are not...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00049-4
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membranous nephropathy (MN), the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS) in Caucasians, is associated commonly with the secondary complications of hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulability. These may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, alter the rate of progression of renal disease, and raise th...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00058-5
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking (CS) has been associated with augmented progression of nephropathies responsible for the 4 major causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. CS has well-described ways by which it causes tissue injury in other organ systems and the mechanisms by which it adversely affects nephropat...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00037-8
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initially described in 1984, human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) has now become a common disease within the HIV-seropositive population. It is a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis causing rapid deterioration of renal function. It is the most common cause of chronic renal disease in HIV patients...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2003.50018
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal involvement is common in leptospirosis. Clinical manifestations vary from urinary sediment changes to acute renal failure. Renal failure is observed in 44% to 67% of patients. Hypokalemia frequently occurs. Severe hypotension is an important warning sign for the later development of renal and pulmonary complicat...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2003.50004
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with renal failure. Patients with chronic kidney disease have significant CVD, and carry a high cardiovascular burden by the time they commence renal replacement therapy (RRT). The severity of CVD that has been observed in dialysis ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2002.35964
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of natriuretic peptides as key regulators of natriuresis and vasodilatation, and the appreciation that their secretion is under the control of cardiac hemodynamic and neurohumoral factors, has caused wide interest. The natriuretic peptides are structurally similar, but genetically distinct peptides ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2002.35666
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most countries the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is lower than in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Besides a history of blood transfusions, previous HD is an important risk factor for developing HCV infection in PD patients. Many HCV-posi...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sonography has become integral to the evaluation and management of patients with renal disease. Although many of the procedures discussed in this issue are not feasible for all nephrologists, sonography clearly is. It is convenient and saves time, both for the physician and the patient, and the equipment is not expens...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2002.31712
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular remodeling and hypertrophy-hyperplasia of the heart and kidney are the hallmarks of hypertensions, being involved in the long-term maintenance of elevated blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular and renal hypertension. Both augmented proliferation and unscheduled programmed cell death (apoptosis)...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2002.2002.30434
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor increases progressively with aging, but diastolic blood pressure plateaus at age 50, which leads to a rise in pulse pressure in the elderly. Thus, isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure is the most common type of hypertension seen in ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade, the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children with chronic renal failure before and after renal transplantation has been established. This article reviews the increasing evidence that rhGH treatment also results in a significant improvem...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.24944
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::On completion of a Nephrology fellowship, I went back to the inner city community where I was raised to begin my practice. Filled with idealism, I believed that, by returning, I could slow the devastation that hypertension was imparting on the black community, and in doing so, prevent end-stage renal disease (ESRD). I...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.23688
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the prohibitive costs of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) care for certain countries and the increasing incidence of ESRD worldwide, alternative methods of funding dialysis care are increasingly necessary. We describe the paradigm of the National Kidney Foundation of Singapore (NKF-S), the provider of subsidized d...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.23776
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephritic edema results from the primary retention of salt. Acute glomerulonephritis is the prototypical form of the disorder. The stimulus for the salt retention arises within the kidney by an unknown mechanism. As effective arterial blood volume (EABV) was normal at the start of the disease process, it becomes expan...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.21653
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with cirrhosis have significant abnormalities in their fluid and electrolyte balance, this is manifested mainly by the development of ascites and edema. Ascites is the most common complication of patients with cirrhosis and its development constitutes the first and most important manifestation of the disease....
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.21666
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of anemia of chronic renal failure. RHuEPO has been shown to increase survival, decrease hospitalizations, improve brain and cognitive function, and improve quality of life for renal patients. Much has been learned about the normal and patholog...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.20939
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00